The Editio Critica Maior (ECM) provides the full range of resources necessary for scholarly research in establishing the text and reconstructing the history of the New Testament text during its first thousand years.

The ECM is an indispensable foundation for in-depth New Testament textual criticism and includes numerous textual changes compared to the 28th edition of Nestle-Aland as well as a textual-critical commentary and many other explanatory studies on the text

Resources include:

• all the variants found in the selected Greek manuscripts and in citations by the Greek Fathers,
• the evidence of the most important early versions (Latin, Coptic, Syriac, and Ethiopic) where they witness to variants in the Greek text, and
• the evidence of other versions (Armenian, Georgian, and Old Church Slavonic) where they witness to variants in the Greek text and to the extent they are available in editions.

The text of the present edition has been established afresh on the basis of these resources.

This third volume (Volume I/1.3) contains further studies of the text: a commentary on selected variants, as well as studies of early translations and the patristic tradition.

It is edited by Holger Stutwolf, Georg Gäbel, Annette Hüffmeier, Marie-Luise Lakmann, and Gregory S. Paulson at the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, Münster.